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Fetal and neonatal postmortem magnetic resonance imaging: indications protocols.
Aurélie D'Hondt1,2, Roxana Popa-Stanila3, Willemijn Klein4
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada. aurelie.dhondt@outlook.com.
Pediatric Radiology
|March 25, 2026
Summary
Postmortem MRI (PMMRI) offers a non-invasive way to examine fetal or perinatal death cases. This review standardizes PMMRI protocols and discusses future ultra-high-field MRI applications for improved clinical practice.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Radiology
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) is increasingly used for fetal and perinatal death investigations.
- Current PMMRI indications and protocols lack standardization across institutions.
- Advanced techniques like ultra-high-field MRI show potential for improved fetal imaging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline current indications for PMMRI in various clinical scenarios.
- To review consensus PMMRI protocols for standardization.
- To preview future applications of 7-T MRI in perinatal PMMRI.
Main Methods:
- Review of current clinical indications for PMMRI.
- Analysis of existing PMMRI imaging protocols.
- Discussion of emerging ultra-high-field MRI technologies.
Main Results:
- PMMRI is a valuable non-invasive tool for perinatal death assessment.
- Significant variation exists in current PMMRI practices.
- 7-T MRI offers promising advancements for small fetal imaging.
Conclusions:
- Standardized PMMRI protocols are needed for consistent clinical implementation.
- Recommendations are provided to facilitate PMMRI adoption and standardization.
- Future research should focus on advanced MRI techniques for enhanced perinatal diagnostics.
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