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Food Insecurity and Poverty Are Associated with Increased Risk for MASLD Among US Adults.

Kyle S Liu1, Keith E Liu2, Itunu O Sokale3,4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food insecurity and poverty increase the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This association was significant for non-Hispanic white individuals, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Keywords:
MASLDDisparitiesEthnicityFood insecurityPoverty

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Public Health
  • Socioeconomic Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) prevalence is rising, particularly in U.S. minority populations.
  • Food insecurity and poverty are more prevalent in racial and ethnic minority groups.
  • Understanding the link between socioeconomic factors and MASLD risk is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between food insecurity, poverty, and MASLD risk.
  • To analyze these associations across different racial and ethnic groups.
  • To identify disparities in MASLD risk related to socioeconomic status.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.
  • Included participants aged 20+ with Fibroscan and available data on food security, poverty, and ethnicity.
  • Employed weighted multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Very low food security (AOR 1.61) and poverty (AOR 1.29) were linked to increased MASLD risk.
  • The association between food insecurity and MASLD remained significant only in non-Hispanic white individuals (AOR 1.96).
  • Poverty was not significantly associated with MASLD when stratified by race/ethnicity.

Conclusions:

  • Food insecurity and poverty are associated with MASLD.
  • The impact of food insecurity on MASLD risk was specific to the non-Hispanic white population.
  • Further research and tailored interventions are necessary to address socioeconomic factors influencing liver disease.