Wearable Battery-Free Electrotherapy of Smartsensors for Wound Healthcare

The design of a wearable bioelectronic device for electrotherapeutic wound healing and real-time monitoring is critical for smart healthcare. However, developing multifunctional materials remains challenging due to energy supply or sensing interface issues. Herein, a simple strategy for integrating wound dressings of battery-free electrotherapy and wound sensors via Dopamine (DA)-modified MXene-silver nanowire (Ag NWs)-bacterial cellulose (BC) (PMAB) cross-linked interpenetrating networks has been presented. Specifically, DA and BC significantly enhanced the antioxidant and mechanical properties of MXene, while Ag NWs improved the electrical and antimicrobial activities of PMAB. The solid-state supercapacitor fabricated upon PMAB displayed excellent energy storage properties (2.5 F cm^-2), replacing conventional power for delivering electrical stimulation (ES) to accelerate wound healing. NIH 3T3 fibrolast showed rapid migration and higher proliferation rate (over 70%) under ES (1 V). Meanwhile, wound dressing of cross-linking interpenetrating structure of MXene and BC performs superior mechanosensing properties, with internal resistance change only 1.5 times of initial resistance over 60 days, which enables monitoring physical signal stabilization for wound assessment and management. This work would provide novel ideas of smartsensors for designing battery-free wearable wound dressings.