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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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Exploring the interplay of epigenetics and individualization.

Denis Meuthen1, Joseph I Hoffman2, Joachim Kurtz3

  • 1Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment (JICE), University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Münster and Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|March 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic variation drives individual differences and shapes evolution. Understanding this interplay is key to explaining how organisms adapt and evolve through environmentally influenced genetic changes.

Keywords:
epigenomeevolutionindividualized nicheniche processesphenotype−environment matchtransgenerational effects

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Interindividual phenotypic variation and epigenetic processes are crucial for evolution but poorly understood.
  • Epigenetic variation, influenced by genetics, environment, and chance, drives individual differences.
  • Individualization and niche realization can create new epigenetic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional relationship between epigenetic variation and individualization in an ecoevolutionary context.
  • To understand the proximate mechanisms driving individualization and epigenetic variation.
  • To elucidate how epigenetic variation arises, persists, and influences long-term evolution.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on theoretical and conceptual frameworks.
  • It synthesizes existing research on epigenetics and evolutionary ecology.
  • No specific experimental methods are detailed in the abstract.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic variation plays a distinct yet interacting role in individualization.
  • Individualized niches can induce novel epigenetic variation.
  • Epigenetic variation alters selection patterns and affects evolution, including transgenerational effects.

Conclusions:

  • Studying the interplay between epigenetic variation and individualization is essential for understanding evolution.
  • This research deepens insights into the proximate mechanisms of individualization.
  • It clarifies the role of epigenetic variation in evolutionary processes.