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Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Biomarker-Based Phytotherapeutic Interventions.

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Drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) damages kidneys via various medications. Phytochemicals show promise in protecting kidneys by modulating cellular pathways, offering potential for novel therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
antioxidantapoptosisbiomarkersdrug‐induced nephrotoxicityphytochemicals

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) is a significant complication of common medications.
  • Mechanisms of renal cell damage include apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • Current treatments for DIN offer limited efficacy, highlighting the need for new interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN), its biomarkers, and phytotherapy.
  • To explore the mechanisms of phytochemicals in renoprotection.
  • To identify potential therapeutic and preventive strategies for DIN.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature survey was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000-2025).
  • The review distinguished between preclinical studies and clinical evidence.
  • Analysis focused on biomarkers, phytotherapy, and molecular mechanisms of DIN.

Main Results:

  • Drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) can result in acute and chronic kidney injury.
  • Biomarkers like serum creatinine and kidney injury molecule-1 are crucial for detection but challenging to manage.
  • Phytochemicals demonstrate renoprotective effects by modulating apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochemicals offer promising nephroprotective effects with low toxicity, modulating key cellular pathways.
  • Understanding phytochemical mechanisms can lead to innovative therapeutic and preventive approaches for DIN.
  • Targeting molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals may improve patient outcomes beyond symptomatic management.