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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

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Improved Speech Recognition with Automated ForwardFocus in Cochlear Kanso 3 Sound Processor Users.

Marian Jones1, Wei Hong1, I Manjula Schou1

  • 1Cochlear Limited, 1 University Avenue, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.

Otology & Neurotology Open
|March 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cochlear implant users experienced improved speech perception in noise with the Kanso 3 Sound Processor's SCAN 2 FF program. This advancement enhances hearing in challenging auditory environments.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantForwardFocusNoise reduction technologyOff-the-earSound processorSpeech recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Cochlear implants (CIs) are vital for individuals with severe to profound hearing loss.
  • Improving speech perception in noisy environments remains a key challenge for CI users.
  • Advancements in sound processing strategies aim to enhance CI performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the SCAN 2 FF (automated ForwardFocus) program on the Cochlear Kanso 3 Sound Processor for speech perception in noise.
  • To compare speech perception in different noise configurations (S0Nrearhalf, S0N3) and in quiet.
  • To assess user satisfaction and subjective hearing performance with the Kanso 3 Sound Processor.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center, within-subject, interventional study involving 20 adult CI users.
  • Speech perception was measured using the Australian Sentence Test in Noise with SCAN 2 FF versus SCAN 2 (ForwardFocus off).
  • Comparisons included speech in quiet between Kanso 3 and Kanso 2 Sound Processors and subjective user feedback.

Main Results:

  • Speech recognition thresholds were significantly improved (lower dB SNR) with SCAN 2 FF in both S0Nrearhalf (2.00 dB) and S0N3 (1.43 dB) noise conditions (P < 0.001).
  • Speech perception in quiet was comparable between the Kanso 3 and Kanso 2 Sound Processors.
  • Participants reported high satisfaction and similar subjective hearing performance with the Kanso 3 Sound Processor compared to their own devices.

Conclusions:

  • The SCAN 2 FF program integrated into the Cochlear Kanso 3 Sound Processor effectively enhances speech perception in noisy environments for CI users.
  • These findings support the clinical utility of advanced sound processing for improving real-world hearing outcomes.
  • The Kanso 3 Sound Processor demonstrates positive user acceptance and performance in subjective evaluations.