Innovative educational technology for visually impaired learners using a 3D-Printed foot reflexology robot.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Assistive Technology
• Educational Technology

Background:

• Visually impaired individuals face challenges in tactile learning for skills like reflexology.
• Existing educational tools often lack multisensory engagement and accessibility features.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design, develop, and validate a foot reflexology teaching robot for visually impaired learners.
• To integrate multidisciplinary design, rapid prototyping, and user-centered strategies.
• To create an accessible and inclusive assistive educational technology.

Main Methods:

• Developed a digital foot model based on anthropometric data, balancing accuracy and manufacturability.
• Utilized fused deposition modeling (FDM) for rapid prototyping using PLA material.
• Integrated interactive tactile sensing and a Raspberry Pi platform for audio feedback triggered by touch.

Main Results:

• The robot prototype was lightweight, durable, and cost-effective.
• User evaluation with 29 visually impaired learners demonstrated effectiveness in hands-on engagement and multisensory learning.
• High satisfaction was reported regarding safety, practicality, and overall usability.

Conclusions:

• The developed foot reflexology teaching robot is an effective assistive educational tool for visually impaired individuals.
• The study provides a replicable framework for creating accessible and inclusive educational technologies.
• Multidisciplinary design and user-centered evaluation are crucial for successful assistive technology development.