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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

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Minipterional and Sphenoid Ridge Keyhole Approaches: A Comparative Anatomic Study.

Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo1, Helbert de Oliveira Manduca Palmiero1, Stefan W Koester2

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.

Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
|March 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The minipterional (MiniPT) craniotomy offers significantly greater surgical exposure and wider angular access compared to the sphenoid ridge keyhole (SRK) approach. MiniPT is a more effective minimally invasive option for transsylvian surgeries.

Keywords:
Microsurgical anatomyMinipterional craniotomySkull base approachesSphenoid ridge keyholeSurgical exposureTranssylvian approach

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Minimally Invasive Techniques

Background:

  • Pterional craniotomy offers good surgical access but has cosmetic and functional drawbacks.
  • Minimally invasive approaches like sphenoid ridge keyhole (SRK) and minipterional (MiniPT) aim to reduce morbidity.
  • Direct comparison of anatomical exposure between MiniPT and SRK is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare the anatomical exposure provided by the minipterional (MiniPT) and sphenoid ridge keyhole (SRK) surgical approaches.
  • To assess the surgical exposure area and angular access to key neurovascular structures around the circle of Willis for both techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of eight adult cadaveric heads, performing sequential SRK and MiniPT craniotomies.
  • Utilizing neuronavigation to record 3D coordinates of five anatomical targets.
  • Calculating surgical exposure area and angular exposure using vector mathematics and comparing results with Student t-tests.

Main Results:

  • MiniPT provided significantly larger surgical exposure area (882.3 mm2) than SRK (442.2 mm2) (P < .001).
  • MiniPT demonstrated significantly wider angular exposure for the tuberculum sellae, internal carotid artery, and contralateral posterior cerebral artery.
  • MiniPT offered broader operative angles, enhancing multidirectional access to deep anatomical targets.

Conclusions:

  • The minipterional (MiniPT) craniotomy significantly surpasses the sphenoid ridge keyhole (SRK) approach in surgical exposure and angular access.
  • MiniPT is a more effective and versatile minimally invasive alternative for transsylvian approaches requiring enhanced visualization and maneuverability.