Reproducing an Edo Period Orbital Epithesis with Wood and Crystal

Area of Science:

• Medical History
• Prosthetics
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Ophthalmic diseases were prevalent in Japan during the Edo period, causing vision loss.
• Historical records suggest denturists created artificial eyes, but no physical evidence exists.
• The Edo period (1603-1868) saw significant advancements in craft and material use.

Purpose of the Study:

• To recreate a wooden orbital epithesis using Edo period materials and methods.
• To investigate the fabrication process and potential realism of historical artificial eyes.
• To understand the craftsmanship of Edo period denturists in ocular prosthetics.

Main Methods:

• Recreating a wooden orbital epithesis using boxwood, similar to materials used for dentures.
• Applying raw lacquer to the inner surface for hygiene, mirroring Noh mask techniques.
• Fabricating the artificial eye using Japanese crystal, shaped and polished with whetstones.
• Painting the skin surface with Japanese paints and finishing with beeswax.
• Considering adhesive methods for epithesis fixation, as the original method is unknown.

Main Results:

• A relatively realistic wooden orbital epithesis was successfully recreated.
• The study demonstrated the feasibility of using traditional materials and techniques.
• The recreated epithesis highlights the potential sophistication of Edo period artificial eyes.

Conclusions:

• Highly skilled Edo period denturists likely created highly sophisticated artificial eyes.
• The recreation provides insight into historical prosthetic capabilities.
• Further research could explore fixation methods and material durability.