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Updated: Mar 28, 2026
A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
Evaluation of novel treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Gürkan Güner1, Cagatay Arslan1
1Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir University of Economics, Medical Point Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Introduction:
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a lethal disease with a median overall survival of approximately 2 years. Although major therapeutic advances have been achieved over the past two decades, many effective treatments have shifted to earlier disease settings, and significant unmet needs persist in the mCRPC population.
Areas Covered:
This narrative review is based on a structured literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase covering publications from January 2020 to October 2025, supplemented by ClinicalTrials.gov and major oncology congress abstracts (ASCO and ESMO). The molecular landscape of mCRPC, currently approved therapies, and emerging treatment strategies are discussed, including next-generation androgen receptor-targeted agents, PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, PSMA-targeted radioligand therapies, antibody-drug conjugates, CDK4/6 inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers, and novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Expert Opinion:
The therapeutic landscape of mCRPC has expanded substantially; however, treatment resistance and the absence of validated sequencing strategies continue to pose major challenges. Advancements in this field will rely on improved molecular profiling, biologically rational combination strategies, and the incorporation of predictive biomarkers to enable personalized treatment decisions. Concurrently, earlier integration of targeted therapies, radioligand approaches, and biomarker-enriched clinical trial designs is likely to reshape treatment paradigms and enhance long-term clinical outcomes.
Insights
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment advances are ongoing, yet resistance and sequencing challenges persist. Future strategies focus on molecular profiling, combination therapies, and biomarkers for personalized mCRPC care.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Medical Research
- Prostate Cancer Treatment
Background:
- Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal disease with limited survival.
- Despite advances, significant unmet needs remain in the mCRPC patient population.
- Effective treatments are increasingly used in earlier disease stages, highlighting mCRPC challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular landscape of mCRPC.
- To discuss currently approved and emerging mCRPC therapies.
- To explore future treatment strategies and challenges in mCRPC management.
Main Methods:
- Structured literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase (Jan 2020-Oct 2025).
- Inclusion of ClinicalTrials.gov and major oncology congress abstracts (ASCO, ESMO).
- Narrative review synthesizing information on mCRPC treatments.
Main Results:
- The mCRPC therapeutic landscape has expanded significantly.
- Emerging strategies include next-generation androgen receptor agents, pathway inhibitors, radioligand therapies, antibody-drug conjugates, CDK4/6 inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers, and immunotherapies.
- Treatment resistance and lack of sequencing strategies are key challenges.
Conclusions:
- Advancements require improved molecular profiling and combination strategies with predictive biomarkers.
- Personalized treatment decisions are crucial for mCRPC management.
- Earlier integration of targeted therapies, radioligand approaches, and biomarker-driven trials will improve outcomes.
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