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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
Published on: December 1, 2023
Optimizing Exercise Strategies for Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A
Qinzheng Liu1, Xianyang Xin1, Hai Wang1
1Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
Objective:
This study compared aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and combined training (COM) on insulin resistance markers in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity via network meta-analysis (NMA).
Methods:
Following PRISMA guidelines, 63 RCTs (n = 3286) published through August 2025 were included. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. SUCRA was used to rank effectiveness.
Results:
Exercise interventions improved fasting glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and HOMA-IR. HIIT was most effective for FINS (SMD = -0.80 [-1.22, -0.37]) and HOMA-IR (SMD = -1.21 [-1.76, -0.65]), while COM best lowered FBG (SMD = -0.41 [-0.66, -0.15]). AE improved all three indicators. RT alone lacked significant effects but enhanced metabolic benefits in COM. Minor small-study effects appeared for FINS and HOMA-IR; publication bias for FBG was minimal.
Conclusion:
Different modalities offer complementary benefits. AE serves as a foundational intervention, while HIIT and COM act as intensification strategies. RT provides crucial support within combined programs. Future research should define optimal exercise intensity and duration to maximize benefits.
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