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Related Concept Videos

The Respiratory System01:16

The Respiratory System

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The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Microfluidic Lung-on-Chip Model for In-Depth Study of Human Immune Response and Infection Mechanisms
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Respiratory Organ-on-a-Chip for Disease Modeling: From Architecture to Functional Integration.

Jinzhuo Hu1,2, Yongjie Tang3,2, Sidi Liu3

  • 1Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory organ-on-chips (ROCs) offer a human-relevant model for studying respiratory diseases. These advanced platforms overcome limitations of traditional methods, improving disease modeling and therapeutic development for lung conditions.

Keywords:
disease modelslung‐on‐a‐chipmicrofluidicsorgan‐on‐a‐chiprespiratory diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Organ-on-a-Chip Technology

Background:

  • Respiratory diseases are a major global health burden, driven by complex multicellular interactions.
  • Current models like animal studies and 2D cultures fail to replicate the human respiratory system's mechanical and airflow dynamics.
  • This limits understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design principles and functional modules of Respiratory Organ-on-Chips (ROCs).
  • To synthesize how ROC engineering impacts biological performance in disease modeling.
  • To assess the translational relevance of ROCs for inflammation, infection, fibrosis, injury, and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of architectural strategies and functional modules in ROCs.
  • Integration of respiratory anatomy and region-specific functions into ROC design.
  • Synthesis of engineering-biology interactions across various respiratory diseases.

Main Results:

  • ROCs reconstitute key structural, mechanical, and microenvironmental features of the human respiratory system.
  • ROC design choices significantly influence biological outcomes and translational predictability.
  • These platforms enable quantitative interrogation of disease dynamics and therapeutic responses.

Conclusions:

  • ROCs represent a significant advancement over traditional models for respiratory disease research.
  • They offer a human-relevant, controllable system for studying lung pathophysiology.
  • Further development and a decision-making framework are needed for industrial translation and addressing technical bottlenecks.