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Utilizing Process Mapping as a Framework for Identifying and Prioritizing Barriers to Antibiotic Delivery in

Elizabeth A Gulleen1,2, Johnblack Kabukye3,4, Maiya Grace Block Ngaybe5

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|March 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Process mapping (PM) helps identify and prioritize barriers to timely antibiotic delivery in resource-limited settings. This low-cost method guides healthcare providers in improving antimicrobial access for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Healthcare providers in resource-limited settings encounter significant structural barriers affecting antibiotic delivery.
  • Timely antibiotic initiation is crucial for managing infections, especially in vulnerable populations like those with neutropenic fever.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a guide for developing antibiotic delivery process maps using a 5-phase framework.
  • To systematically identify and prioritize barriers hindering timely antibiotic initiation.
  • To demonstrate the application of process mapping in a real-world setting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 5-phase process mapping (PM) framework to analyze antibiotic delivery.
  • Applied PM to identify barriers to antimicrobial delivery for neutropenic fever patients at the Uganda Cancer Institute.
  • Employed low-cost supplies and open-access software for process map development and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Process mapping effectively identified specific structural barriers to antibiotic delivery in the case study.
  • The study outlines a systematic approach to prioritizing identified barriers for intervention.
  • Guidance is provided on using accessible tools for process map creation and analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Process mapping is a valuable, low-cost tool for understanding and improving antibiotic delivery systems.
  • Systematic identification and prioritization of barriers are essential for targeted interventions.
  • Healthcare providers can leverage process mapping to enhance antimicrobial access and patient care in resource-limited environments.
Keywords:
antibiotic deliveryantimicrobial stewardshipinfectionsneutropenic feverprocess mapping

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