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Functional hydrogels as submucosal injectable materials in therapeutic endoscopy.

Chi-Pin James Wang1,2, Chun Gwon Park1,2,3,4, Se-Na Kim5,6

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cross-disciplinary Studies (ICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 16419 Gyeonggi-do Suwon, Republic of Korea.

Biomedical Engineering Letters
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Injectable hydrogels offer a promising solution for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) by improving mucosal elevation and managing complications. These advanced materials may enhance the safety and efficacy of gastrointestinal cancer treatment.

Keywords:
BiomaterialEndoscopic Submucosal DissectionEndoscopyHydrogelInjectable

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic Surgery

Background:

  • Therapeutic endoscopy, including endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), is vital for early gastrointestinal (GI) cancer management.
  • Current submucosal injection materials (SIMs) have limitations, including short-lived mucosal elevation and procedural difficulties.
  • Complications like bleeding, perforation, and stricture can limit widespread adoption of ESD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical advancements in hydrogel-based SIMs for ESD.
  • To explore how hydrogels can overcome limitations of traditional SIMs.
  • To discuss the potential impact of hydrogels on advanced endoscopic practices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical investigations on hydrogel-based SIMs.
  • Focus on hydrogels with tunable properties (thermoresponsive, shear-thinning).
  • Evaluation of hydrogels engineered for specific functionalities (hemostatic, adhesive, antifibrotic, regenerative).

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels demonstrate tunable physicochemical and biological properties for prolonged submucosal elevation.
  • Certain hydrogels reduce injection force and are compatible with endoscopic delivery.
  • Functional hydrogels show potential in mitigating bleeding, promoting healing, and preventing strictures.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogel-based SIMs represent a significant advancement over traditional solution-based materials.
  • These novel materials can enhance the safety and effectiveness of ESD procedures.
  • Hydrogels are poised to reshape tools and strategies in advanced endoscopic interventions for GI cancers.