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Epidemiology of Firework-Related Eye Injuries From 2002 to 2021.

Jay Jaber1, Molly Pluenneke1, Austin Huang1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

Fireworks cause thousands of emergency room visits for eye injuries annually, with children being the most affected. Contusions are the most common injury, peaking in July, highlighting the need for better safety measures.

Keywords:
emergency ophthalmologyeye injury preventionfirework injuryocular chemical burnsocular traumapediatric eye traumaprotective eye gearvisual impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Improper fireworks use leads to significant traumatic eye injuries, particularly around holidays like the Fourth of July.
  • Previous studies have focused on thermal burns, but this research examines a broader range of ocular trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate emergency department (ED) presentations of firework-related eye injuries.
  • To analyze demographic factors and identify injury trends over two decades using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS).

Main Methods:

  • Queried NEISS database (2002-2021) for firework-related eye and facial injuries.
  • Stratified cases by age, sex, month, year, and injury type for statistical analysis.
  • Utilized Spearman's rank correlation to assess annual injury trends.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 41,708 ED visits for firework-related eye injuries occurred nationally between 2002 and 2021.
  • Males (71.8%) and individuals ≤18 years (62.0%) were disproportionately affected.
  • Contusions (39.9%) were the most common injury type, with most incidents (70.1%) occurring in July.

Conclusions:

  • Periocular contusions are the most frequent firework-related ocular trauma when including facial injury codes.
  • The high incidence among minors and seasonal clustering in July emphasize the need for improved public education and regulation.
  • Findings differ from prior studies, suggesting a shift in injury patterns or reporting criteria.