Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

536
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
536
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

167
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
167
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.5K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.5K
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

109
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
109
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

165
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
165
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

3.3K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sleep Regularity Index After Stroke: Change Over Time and Its Association With Recovery: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Early postpartum severe maternal morbidity among mothers of very low and low birthweight infants: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Georgia, USA, 2016-2020.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2026
Same author

The Role of Social Support as a Buffer Against Adverse Birth Outcomes Among People Experiencing Neighbourhood Deprivation.

Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology·2026
Same author

Disparities in Patterns of Preterm and Early Term Second Births Among Non-Hispanic Black and White Mothers.

Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology·2025
Same author

Patterns of Non-fatal Overdose and Injection-Related Bacterial Infections During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Year Among New York State Residents.

Maternal and child health journal·2025
Same author

Unequal enforcement, unequal inference: rethinking how we define policy exposures.

Health affairs scholar·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

88.4K

WITHDRAWN: Geographic Variation in Pregnancy-Associated Overdose and Substance Use Disorder Mortality, 2016-2022.

Michael R Kramer, Emily Peterson, Hannah Cooper

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |March 27, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Drug-related pregnancy deaths show unique geographic patterns, differing from general maternal mortality. Substance use disorder deaths are more common than overdoses, especially in the late postpartum period.

    More Related Videos

    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
    05:13

    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

    Published on: February 28, 2025

    809
    High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
    10:17

    High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

    Published on: April 23, 2019

    10.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

    Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
    19:15

    Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

    Published on: August 25, 2014

    88.4K
    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
    05:13

    Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

    Published on: February 28, 2025

    809
    High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
    10:17

    High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

    Published on: April 23, 2019

    10.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Maternal Health

    Background:

    • Drug-related pregnancy-associated mortality is a significant factor in the US maternal mortality crisis.
    • Previous research documented rural disadvantage in all-cause maternal mortality, but the geographic patterns of drug-related deaths were unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze geographic variations in pregnancy-associated overdose (OD) and substance use disorder (SUD) mortality.
    • To compare these variations across the rural-urban continuum and by US Census region between 2016 and 2022.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) mortality and natality records for a national population-based surveillance study.
    • Identified pregnancy-associated deaths using the NVSS 2018 algorithm for 25,007,723 live births from 2016-2022.
    • Classified data by rural-urban continuum and US Census region, estimating excess OD mortality using a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model.

    Main Results:

    • Nationally, 516 OD deaths (2.06/100,000 live births) and 1,080 SUD deaths (4.32/100,000) were recorded, with SUD mortality exceeding OD mortality over two-to-one.
    • OD mortality converged across rural-urban areas during the COVID era (2020-2022), unlike all-cause maternal mortality trends.
    • Non-metropolitan Southern and Northeastern counties showed excess OD mortality; metro-adjacent counties had elevated SUD rates across all regions.

    Conclusions:

    • Drug-related pregnancy mortality exhibits distinct geographic patterns influenced by drug markets and harm reduction, not solely obstetric care.
    • The convergence of OD mortality, higher SUD rates, and late postpartum deaths highlight critical gaps in integrated care, insurance, and rural harm reduction.
    • Findings necessitate enhanced surveillance and interventions tailored to the unique geographic dynamics of drug-related pregnancy mortality.