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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Polymerized Solid-Solid State Phase Change Materials: Design, Preparation, and Application.

Xinyu Zhang1,2, Hanqing Liu1, Haocheng Fu1,2

  • 1Thermochemistry Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymerized solid-solid state phase change materials (P-PCMs) offer stable thermal management. This article guides P-PCM design and functionalization for advanced applications.

Keywords:
phase change materialspolymerpolymerizationsolid state–solid state

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Thermal Engineering

Background:

  • Polymerized solid-solid state phase change materials (P-PCMs) are crucial for thermal management due to shape stability and high energy storage.
  • The polymer crosslinking network is key to P-PCM performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a systematic discussion on designing high-performance P-PCMs.
  • To outline strategies for material selection and functionalization.
  • To identify challenges and future research directions in P-PCM development.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of material selection for phase change units, crosslinking agents, and chain extenders.
  • Summary of methods for integrating additional functionalities into P-PCMs.
  • Critical assessment of current challenges and future research avenues.

Main Results:

  • Strategies for preparing diverse P-PCMs by selecting appropriate components are discussed.
  • Methods for enhancing P-PCMs with functionalities beyond thermal energy storage are summarized.
  • Key challenges and future research directions are identified to guide development.

Conclusions:

  • Effective P-PCM design requires careful selection of constituent materials and crosslinking strategies.
  • Integrating additional functionalities can expand P-PCM applications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and advance P-PCM technology for thermal management.