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Narrative Review of Endodontic Biomaterials.

Rosana Farjaminejad1, Samira Farjaminejad1, Alexander Garcia-Godoy2

  • 1Department of Health Services Research and Management, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK.

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Summary

Advancements in endodontic biomaterials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are revolutionizing dental treatments, enhancing disinfection, repair, and regeneration. This review compares materials based on clinical indications, offering a new framework for decision-making.

Keywords:
bioceramicsbiomaterialsdrug deliveryendodonticsregeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Endodontic Therapy
  • Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

  • Endodontic treatment is shifting from mechanical to biologically driven regenerative therapies.
  • Biomaterials play crucial roles in disinfection, obturation, root repair, and surgical procedures.
  • Novel biomaterials offer enhanced sealing, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential over traditional options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolving landscape of endodontic biomaterials.
  • To emphasize their roles in various endodontic procedures, including regenerative endodontics.
  • To introduce an indication-based comparative framework for biomaterial selection.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of endodontic biomaterials.
  • Analysis of key materials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement.
  • Integration of nanotechnology, bioactive components, and smart drug delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • MTA, Biodentine, and CEM cement show superior properties compared to traditional materials.
  • Nanotechnology and bioactive components enhance antimicrobial and tissue interaction properties.
  • Clinical applications and case studies illustrate the effectiveness of biomaterials in practice.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made, but regulatory, economic, and translational challenges remain.
  • Emerging trends like 3D printing and personalized medicine offer future directions.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is vital for adopting next-generation endodontic biomaterials.