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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

13.7K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

3.5K
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
3.5K
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

11.2K
The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
11.2K
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
919
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

1.3K
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
1.3K
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

1.2K
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Biaxial Mechanical Characterizations of Atrioventricular Heart Valves
11:00

Biaxial Mechanical Characterizations of Atrioventricular Heart Valves

Published on: April 9, 2019

15.5K

Making Mobile Leaflets: Biomechanical Forces in Atrioventricular Valve Formation.

Anji Yang1, Renee Wei-Yan Chow1

  • 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.

Cells
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital atrioventricular valve disease arises from developmental errors. This study reviews how biomechanical forces regulate atrioventricular valve formation across various in vivo models.

Keywords:
atrioventricular valvedevelopmentforceshearthemodynamicsmorphogenesisvalve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Atrioventricular valves are crucial for efficient blood circulation, preventing backflow from ventricles to atria.
  • Developmental errors in atrioventricular valves can result in congenital heart defects.
  • Valve formation involves complex steps including endocardial cushion formation and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare atrioventricular valve formation across different in vivo models.
  • To review the regulatory role of biomechanical forces in atrioventricular valve development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of in vivo models of atrioventricular valve formation.
  • Literature review on the influence of hemodynamic cues and biomechanical forces.

Main Results:

  • Hemodynamic cues are increasingly recognized as essential regulators throughout multiple stages of valve development.
  • Biomechanical forces play a significant role in guiding the intricate process of atrioventricular valve formation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the regulation of atrioventricular valve formation by biomechanical forces is key to addressing congenital valve diseases.
  • Further research in diverse in vivo models can elucidate mechanisms underlying normal and abnormal valve development.