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Hydrogel Development, Processing and Applications in Agriculture: A Review.

Carmen Mª Granados-Carrera1,2, Victor M Perez-Puyana3, Mercedes Jiménez-Rosado4

  • 1Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodegradable hydrogels from renewable biopolymers offer sustainable solutions for agriculture, improving water management and nutrient delivery. Research focuses on overcoming challenges for eco-friendly agricultural applications.

Keywords:
agriculturebiofortificationbiopolymerscircular economycontrolled releasefertilizersoil remediationsuperabsorbent materials

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Conventional petroleum-based hydrogels raise environmental concerns due to persistence and microplastic formation.
  • Increasing water scarcity and declining soil fertility necessitate sustainable agricultural solutions.
  • Biodegradable hydrogels from renewable biopolymers are being developed as eco-friendly alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in biopolymer-based hydrogels for agricultural applications.
  • To analyze natural polymers for hydrogel fabrication and their properties.
  • To identify challenges and future research directions for sustainable agriculture.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hydrogel technologies in agriculture.
  • Analysis of polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, cellulose, starch) and proteins (gelatin, keratin, soy protein) for hydrogel fabrication.
  • Discussion of hydrogel performance in water retention, nutrient release, soil conditioning, and plant growth.

Main Results:

  • Biopolymer-based hydrogels show promise for water management and controlled agrochemical release.
  • Polysaccharides and proteins offer diverse sources for biodegradable hydrogel synthesis.
  • Performance varies based on polymer source, gelation mechanism, and structure-property relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable hydrogels are crucial for sustainable agriculture and circular bioeconomy.
  • Further research is needed to address mechanical stability, soil degradation, nutrient release control, and economic scalability.
  • Rational design of next-generation hydrogels can enhance agricultural sustainability.