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Predictive and Reactive Control During Interception.

Mario Treviño1, Nathaly Martín2, Andrea Barrera2

  • 1Laboratorio de Plasticidad Cortical y Aprendizaje Perceptual, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colonia Arcos Vallarta, Guadalajara 44130, Mexico.

Brain Sciences
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human interception combines predictive and reactive control, dynamically adjusting based on target speed and sensory information. Gaze and hand movements show distinct but coordinated anticipatory strategies for successful target tracking.

Keywords:
gaze–hand coordinationpredictive processingreactive controlvisual occlusionvisuomotor interception

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Area of Science:

  • Motor control
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Interception requires predictive and reactive control.
  • Time-resolved dynamics and eye-hand contributions are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Explore time-resolved predictive control in continuous interception.
  • Dissociate eye and hand contributions to predictive control.

Main Methods:

  • Participants intercepted a moving target with a joystick while eye movements were recorded.
  • Target speed varied; visual information occluded selectively.
  • Assessed predictive control via geometric strategy index and RMSE.

Main Results:

  • Interception showed speed-dependent transitions between predictive and reactive control.
  • Predictive alignment dynamically reweighted based on temporal constraints.
  • Gaze and manual behavior exhibited dissociable predictive signatures; internal state estimation was crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive and reactive control are continuously reweighted during interception.
  • Interaction depends on target dynamics and sensory availability.
  • Findings show time-resolved coordination of anticipatory and feedback mechanisms in goal-directed behavior.