Workforce Contributions to Advancing Oral Health Equity: Howard University's Orthodontic Program

Background: Health disparities are differences in healthcare access influenced by factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and geography. Oral health disparities show similar patterns, with underrepresented minorities (URM) facing greater barriers to care. Racial concordance improves patient outcomes, yet minority representation in orthodontics remains low. This study examined how Howard University's Orthodontic Residency Program influences workforce diversity and expands care for minority populations. Methods: A retrospective analysis of Howard University's orthodontic graduates (Classes 2009-2024) was performed to collect demographic information, practice location, and board certification status. Practice addresses were evaluated for Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) designation, and geographic analysis identified the demographics of the practice areas. Results: Among the 94 graduates studied, thirty-seven (39.4%) worked in the surrounding Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia (DMV) area. Currently, 30% of graduates practiced in HPSAs, and 53% practiced in majority-minority communities. Board certification rates showed an upward trend, culminating in 100% certification among 2024 graduates. Conclusions: Howard University's Orthodontic Program has significantly advanced access to specialized care in majority-minority communities through the training of URM orthodontists. Alumni demographics, board certification rates, and placement in underserved areas demonstrate the program's success in developing diverse professionals committed to clinical excellence and service.