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Body composition, including muscle and fat mass, significantly impacts physical performance in adults. Men generally exhibit greater muscle mass and strength than women, who tend to have higher lower-limb fat mass.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Performance
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Limited understanding of segmental body composition's link to performance in active adults.
  • Need to characterize associations between body composition and functional tests.
  • Investigating sex-based differences in these relationships is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine associations between segmental body composition and functional performance.
  • To identify sex-based differences in body composition and functional capacity.
  • To correlate muscle mass and fat mass with strength, endurance, and balance.

Main Methods:

  • Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in 47 adults (31 women, 16 men).
  • Functional assessments: handgrip strength, isometric plank endurance, single-leg balance.
  • Statistical analysis including correlations and sex comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Strong positive correlations between muscle mass and handgrip strength (r=0.74-0.84).
  • Moderate associations between muscle mass and plank endurance (r=0.30-0.32).
  • Inverse relationships between fat mass and performance, especially plank endurance (r=-0.36 to -0.62).
  • Males showed significantly higher muscle mass, handgrip strength, and plank endurance.
  • Females had higher lower-limb fat mass.

Conclusions:

  • Segmental muscle mass strongly correlates with strength and moderately with core endurance.
  • Adipose tissue inversely relates to functional performance.
  • Significant sexual dimorphism observed in body composition and functional capacity.