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Related Experiment Video

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Micro- and Nano-Structuring of Hydroxyapatite-MMT-Loaded Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration Applications.

Inbar Eshkol-Yogev1,2, Tom Hanoon Kogan1, Inbar Levi1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study created injectable hydrogels for bone regeneration by combining hydroxyapatite (HA) and montmorillonite (MMT). These dual-composite materials show enhanced strength and controlled properties for effective bone repair.

Keywords:
MMTgelatinhydrogelmechanical propertiesmicro-compositenano-compositephysical properties

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bone regeneration requires functional scaffolds to repair defects.
  • Combining hemostatic agents with bioactive ceramics in hydrogels offers dual benefits.
  • Injectable hydrogels provide a minimally invasive approach for bone defect treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize an injectable gelatin-alginate dual-composite hydrogel for bone regeneration.
  • To investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) and montmorillonite (MMT) on hydrogel properties.
  • To assess the potential of these composite hydrogels for bone defect repair.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of injectable gelatin-alginate hydrogels loaded with varying concentrations of micro/nano HA and MMT.
  • Evaluation of gelation time, microstructure, physical, and mechanical properties (tensile strength).
  • Development of a qualitative model to summarize the effects of functional fillers.

Main Results:

  • All hydrogel formulations exhibited clinically relevant gelation times (5-29 seconds).
  • Hydroxyapatite (HA) increased tensile strength, with nano-HA (n-HA) and MMT showing synergistic reinforcing effects (up to 77 kPa).
  • The n-HA and MMT combination demonstrated superior strength and sealing ability with controlled swelling.

Conclusions:

  • Injectable dual-composite hydrogels incorporating MMT with HA (micro or nano) offer tunable properties for bone regeneration.
  • The combination of MMT and n-HA yields enhanced mechanical strength and sealing capabilities.
  • These functional hydrogels show promise for tailored applications in bone defect repair.