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Researchers used quantum simulators to study chaotic quantum systems, providing direct evidence of deep thermalization. This work advances quantum simulation and computation by benchmarking information leakage.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Many-Body Dynamics
  • Quantum Simulation

Background:

  • Traditional characterization of quantum many-body dynamics relies on expectation values and entanglement measures.
  • Projected ensembles offer a generalized framework for studying quantum systems, revealing phenomena like deep thermalization.
  • Chaotic quantum systems present unique challenges for understanding nonequilibrium dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate a chaotic quantum many-body system using projected ensembles.
  • To provide direct evidence of deep thermalization in such systems.
  • To establish a benchmark for measuring information leakage in many-body systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a three-dimensional-integrated frequency-tunable superconducting processor for high-fidelity control.
  • Employed projected ensembles to study the system's steady states within a charge-conserved sector.
  • Introduced an ensemble-averaged entropy as a metric for information leakage.

Main Results:

  • Observed a Haar-distributed projected ensemble, providing direct evidence of deep thermalization.
  • Successfully established a benchmark for quantifying many-body information leakage.
  • Demonstrated the scalability of the experimental approach.

Conclusions:

  • The study validates projected ensembles as a powerful tool for exploring quantum many-body dynamics.
  • The developed benchmark method represents a significant advancement for quantum computation and simulation.
  • Experimental investigation confirms deep thermalization in chaotic quantum systems.