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Long-Distance Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution with Continuous Variables.

Tianxiang Zhan1, Huasheng Li2, Peng Huang1,3,4

  • 1Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai 200240, China.

Physical Review Letters
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved long-distance free-space quantum key distribution (CVQKD) over 7-km inland and 9.6-km maritime channels. This breakthrough overcomes atmospheric noise, enabling secure key sharing for integrated air-ground quantum networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Optical Communication
  • Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution

Background:

  • Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) offers secure key sharing compatible with existing networks.
  • Previous CVQKD demonstrations were limited to indoor or short-distance outdoor settings.
  • Atmospheric effects, especially daylight, pose significant challenges for free-space CVQKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate long-distance free-space CVQKD overcoming atmospheric noise.
  • To achieve secure quantum key distribution over extended inland and maritime channels.
  • To advance the integration of quantum communication networks.

Main Methods:

  • Developed channel-fluctuation-independent manipulation of continuous-variable quantum states.
  • Implemented high-accuracy quantum signal acquisition and processing techniques.
  • Utilized high-efficiency free-space acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) technology.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated long-distance free-space CVQKD over 7-km inland and 9.6-km maritime atmospheric channels.
  • Overcame excess noise from atmospheric effects, particularly in daylight.
  • Achieved results under asymptotic conditions without wavelength conversion or spectral filtering.

Conclusions:

  • This work represents the first demonstration of long-distance free-space CVQKD under challenging atmospheric conditions.
  • The developed technologies are crucial for realizing robust, cross-domain quantum communication networks.
  • Paves the way for integrated air-ground quantum access networks.