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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

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The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Sex-Based Differences in Advanced Heart Failure.

Maya H Barghash1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, The Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Heart Failure Clinics
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women face a higher risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) but are underrepresented in advanced heart failure (HF) treatments like left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or heart transplantation (HT).

Keywords:
Heart failureHeart transplantLeft ventricular assist deviceSex differencesWomen

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Heart Failure Research
  • Medical Statistics

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) affects men and women similarly in terms of lifetime risk and mortality.
  • Women exhibit a higher propensity for developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
  • Despite similar HF mortality, women are less represented in the advanced HFrEF population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the disparity in advanced heart failure treatment utilization between men and women.
  • To explore the reasons behind the underrepresentation of women in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart transplantation (HT) recipient groups.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of LVAD and HT in female patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of heart failure patient data.
  • Comparison of demographic and treatment data between male and female patients.
  • Outcome assessment for patients receiving LVAD or HT.

Main Results:

  • Women constitute a significantly smaller proportion (<25%) of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart transplantation (HT) recipients.
  • The reasons for this underrepresentation are not fully understood.
  • Outcomes following LVAD implantation and heart transplantation (HT) have improved for women, demonstrating successful bridging to HT.

Conclusions:

  • Women are disproportionately affected by HFpEF and are underrepresented in advanced HF therapies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the factors contributing to the lower utilization of LVAD and HT in women.
  • Current evidence suggests that women experience comparable successful outcomes to men when undergoing advanced HF interventions like LVAD and HT.