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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

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Anatomic imaging: Angiography.

Madhavi Duvvuri1, Eytan Raz2, Matthew Amans3

  • 1Department of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details brainstem and posterior circulation vascular anatomy, crucial for understanding neurological syndromes and interpreting angiograms. It covers key arteries like the vertebral, basilar, and cerebellar arteries, emphasizing variations and clinical correlations.

Keywords:
AngiographyAnterior inferior cerebellar arteryBasilar arteryBrainstemPerforator arteriesPosterior cerebral arteryPosterior circulationPosterior inferior cerebellar arterySuperior cerebellar arteryThalamoperforatorsVertebral artery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Anatomy
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The brainstem and posterior circulation are complex vascular territories.
  • Understanding their anatomy is vital for diagnosing neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of brainstem and posterior circulation vascular anatomy.
  • To correlate anatomical details with clinical neurology and angiographic findings.

Main Methods:

  • A caudal-to-cranial approach was used to describe vascular structures.
  • Emphasis was placed on common variants, anastomoses, and perforator patterns.

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions of vertebral artery branches, basilar artery segments, and cerebellar arteries (PICA, AICA, SCA).
  • Discussion of basilar tip and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) anatomy, including fetal PCA and thalamoperforator variants like the artery of Percheron.

Conclusions:

  • Anatomical knowledge of the posterior circulation is essential for clinical neurology.
  • Understanding vascular variants aids in interpreting infarct topography and neurological syndromes.