Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Fasting-induced glucose intolerance is not impacted by the addition of daily exercise: A randomized crossover study.

The Journal of physiology·2026

Same author

Sex differences in circulating platelet-derived CD41+ extracellular vesicles in healthy adults.

Physiological reports·2026

Same author

Exercise Snacks in Adults Living With Obesity: Protocol for a Randomized Feasibility Trial.

JMIR research protocols·2026

Same author

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human cerebrospinal fluid is elevated after exercise.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same author

A Comparison of Biopsychosocial Features of Chronic Neuropathic Versus Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: Baseline Cross-Sectional Data from the EPIC-SCI Trial.

Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation·2026

Same author

Exercise Increases the Sensitivity of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism to Intranasal Insulin in Young, Healthy Adults.

Journal of neurochemistry·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

Published on: January 22, 2017

Extracellular Succinate Modulates Neuroimmune Responses in a Murine Microglial Cell Line.

Samantha C Y Yudin¹, Kimberly Day², Erica Y Scott¹

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.

|March 28, 2026

Summary

Extracellular succinate acts as a novel damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that reduces neuroinflammation. This study shows extracellular succinate has anti-inflammatory effects on microglia, unlike intracellular succinate.

Keywords:

damage-associated molecular patterns glia immunometabolism intercellular signaling mitochondrial respiration neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation

More Related Videos

Magnetic Isolation of Microglial Cells from Neonate Mouse for Primary Cell Cultures

Magnetic Isolation of Microglial Cells from Neonate Mouse for Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: July 25, 2022

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Published on: July 17, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

Published on: January 22, 2017

Magnetic Isolation of Microglial Cells from Neonate Mouse for Primary Cell Cultures

Magnetic Isolation of Microglial Cells from Neonate Mouse for Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: July 25, 2022

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Published on: July 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Metabolism

Background:

Neuroinflammation, driven by reactive microglia, is central to neuropathologies.
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) trigger neuroinflammation.
Succinate's role as an extracellular DAMP in the central nervous system (CNS) is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the specific roles of extracellular and intracellular succinate in CNS neuroimmune responses.
To determine if succinate acts as a DAMP modulating microglial activity.

Main Methods:

Utilized cell membrane-impermeable disodium succinate for extracellular modeling and cell-permeable diethyl succinate for intracellular modeling in cell culture.
Assessed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-6), microglial neurotoxicity, phagocytosis, and mitochondrial respiration.

Main Results:

Extracellular disodium succinate reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and microglial neurotoxic/phagocytic activities.
Extracellular succinate rescued lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitochondrial respiration deficits in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Intracellular diethyl succinate reduced cytokine secretion but did not affect microglial neurotoxicity, indicating location-dependent effects.

Conclusions:

Extracellular succinate functions as a novel CNS DAMP.
Succinate exhibits predominantly anti-inflammatory actions on microglia when acting extracellularly.