Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

7.2K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
7.2K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

8.1K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.1K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.7K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.7K
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

704
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
704
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

673
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
673
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

5.7K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Expression of Concern] Myricetin inhibits migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cell line by inhibiting the EMT process.

Oncology letters·2026
Same author

Deep learning-guided ligand generation for the strigolactone receptor ShHTL7.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same author

Semirational Design of Glycosyltransferase GT2419 for Efficient Synthesis of Genistein 7-<i>O</i>-Glucoside.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Telemedicine Service Experience Questionnaire for Chinese Outpatients: Development and Validation Study.

JMIR human factors·2026
Same author

The novel δ,γ-biscarboline derivative T2 suppresses erythroleukemia through inhibition of AKR1B1 in the fructose metabolic reprogramming.

Chemico-biological interactions·2026
Same author

Machine Learning Integration of Ultrasound Habitat Radiomics for Predicting Axillary Metastasis in Clinically Node-negative Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same journal

An Eye-Tracking Study on Text Accessibility and Comprehension in University Students.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction Among Female College Students: A Variable- and Person-Centered Analysis.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Shifting the Blame: How Narrative Framing, Coercive Strategies, and Rape Myth Acceptance Distort Perceptions of Sexual Assault and Fuel Victim Blame.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

An AI Perspective on Counseling Supervision.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Symbolic Participation or Substantial Learning Behavior? A PSM-Based Comparison Between Honors and Non-Honors Undergraduates from Two Top Elite Universities in China.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Literacy Profiles in Twice-Exceptional Preadolescents with Intellectual Giftedness and Dyslexia.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K

Comparing Incommensurable Quantities: Intertemporal vs. Risky Choices with Single Outcomes.

Si-Chu Shen1, Yuan-Na Huang2, Yi-Juan Zhang1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The equate-to-differentiate model struggles with simple choices. A new visual analogue scale measures subjective comparisons, successfully predicting choice patterns in risky and intertemporal decisions.

Keywords:
comparison between different units of quantityequate-to-differentiate modelintertemporal choices with single-dated outcomesrisky choices with single-nonzero outcomesvisual analogue scale

More Related Videos

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.5K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K
Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.5K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • The equate-to-differentiate (ETD) model explains choices by focusing on the greater dimensional difference between options.
  • The ETD model faces challenges explaining simple risky and intertemporal choices due to meaningless intra-dimensional comparisons.
  • Existing models struggle to unify decision-making processes across different informational metrics like time and probability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if simple risky and intertemporal decisions are governed by the ETD process.
  • To develop a method for capturing subjective comparisons across dimensions with different units.
  • To investigate a potential common cognitive mechanism underlying diverse decision-making scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a visual analogue scale to measure subjective intra-dimensional comparisons.
  • Two studies were conducted to test the scale's predictive power.
  • The scale captured individuals' subjective comparisons across dimensions with differing units.

Main Results:

  • The analogically measured intra-dimensional comparison reliably predicted choice patterns in separate decision anomalies.
  • Predictive success was observed for the common difference effect and unit effect in intertemporal decisions.
  • The scale also predicted subproportionality and the peanuts effect in risky decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Risky and intertemporal decisions may share a common cognitive mechanism based on dimensional evaluation.
  • The developed visual analogue scale provides a novel methodological tool for studying decision-making.
  • Findings support the development of unified models for intertemporal and risky decision-making.