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Related Concept Videos

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Moringa as a Functional Food for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review of Evidence.

Hiba Murtadha Al-Saadi1, Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku1, Jasmine Jia Thung Wong1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia.

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Moringa, a medicinal plant, shows promise in managing rheumatoid arthritis by reducing inflammation and improving symptoms. Further research is needed to establish optimal dosing for this natural supplement.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation and destruction.
  • Conventional RA treatments have limitations including adverse effects and high costs.
  • Moringa, a plant rich in bioactive compounds, is explored as a functional food adjunct for RA management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and map the evidence on moringa supplementation's efficacy in alleviating rheumatoid arthritis pathology.
  • To identify the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of moringa relevant to RA.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
  • Included studies encompassed in vitro models, preclinical animal studies, and human clinical trials.
  • Phytochemical analysis identified key anti-inflammatory compounds like flavonoids and isothiocyanates in moringa.

Main Results:

  • Moringa extracts demonstrated significant inhibition of RA-related inflammation markers (paw oedema, pannus formation, cartilage erosion) in preclinical models.
  • Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and NF-κB signaling was observed.
  • Clinical trials indicated moringa leaf extracts reduced RA disease activity, inflammatory markers, and associated depression.

Conclusions:

  • Moringa shows potential as a functional food adjunct for rheumatoid arthritis management.
  • Evidence suggests dual therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects and mood improvement.
  • Further standardized clinical trials are necessary to determine optimal moringa dosage and guidelines for RA.