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Effect of Demineralization on Fatigue-Based Shear Bond Strength Across Different Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro
Taylan Aydoğan1, Orhan Cicek1, Mehmet Yetmez2
1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67600, Türkiye.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Enamel demineralization negatively impacts the fatigue-based shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets, increasing failure risk. Metal and ceramic brackets showed varied performance, with some exhibiting better fatigue resistance under demineralization conditions.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthodontic Materials Research
- Dental Adhesion Science
Background:
- Demineralization around orthodontic brackets compromises enamel integrity and mechanical stability.
- This interface alteration can affect bracket bond performance and clinical outcomes.
- Understanding demineralization's impact is crucial for long-term orthodontic treatment success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effect of enamel demineralization on the fatigue-based shear bond strength (SBS) of different orthodontic bracket types.
- To compare the bond performance of metal and ceramic brackets under simulated cariogenic conditions.
- To identify bracket materials with superior fatigue resistance in a demineralized enamel environment.
Main Methods:
- Seventy-five extracted premolars were demineralized and divided into five groups, each bonded with a different bracket type (Victory metal, APC Clarity Advanced ceramic, Clarity Self-ligating ceramic, Gemini metal, Clarity Advanced ceramic).
- Enamel demineralization levels were measured before and after exposure to an artificial cariogenic environment.
- Fatigue-based SBS was assessed using cyclic loading, measuring shear strokes to failure.
Main Results:
- All bracket groups showed increased demineralization after cariogenic challenge, with Victory metal brackets exhibiting significantly less demineralization.
- Fatigue-based SBS was significantly higher for Victory metal, Clarity Self-ligating ceramic, and Clarity Advanced ceramic brackets compared to APC Clarity Advanced ceramic and Gemini metal brackets.
- A negative correlation between increased demineralization and fatigue bond strength was observed for APC Clarity Advanced ceramic and Gemini metal brackets.
- No hard tissue damage occurred with Clarity Advanced ceramic brackets during fatigue testing.
Conclusions:
- Increased enamel demineralization adversely affects fatigue-based shear bond strength and elevates the risk of hard tissue damage.
- Victory metal and Clarity Advanced ceramic brackets demonstrated more favorable fatigue bond behavior under demineralization conditions.
- Further in vitro and in vivo research is necessary to validate these findings and their clinical implications for orthodontic bracket selection.
