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Associations of Temporal Eating Patterns with Nutrient Intake Variability and Diet Quality Among Japanese Female
Ariko Umezawa1, Noriko Sato1,2, Hiiro Terasaki2
1Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan.
Nutrients
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Mealtime regularity significantly impacts nutrient intake variability and diet quality. Irregular meal schedules, particularly later dinners, are linked to poorer diet quality, highlighting meal regularity as a key health behavior in chrononutrition.
Area of Science:
- Chrononutrition
- Nutritional Science
- Behavioral Health
Background:
- Lifestyle patterns like sleep and meal timing affect diet quality.
- Previous research often used time-averaged data, missing daily intake variability.
- Chrononutrition investigates the interplay between biological rhythms and eating behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between mealtime irregularity and nutrient intake variability.
- To explore if meal timing's effect on diet quality depends on mealtime regularity.
- To analyze chrononutritional characteristics using mobile app data.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 742 female mobile app users with ~1 month of daily dietary records.
- Calculated nutrient intake variability using the coefficient of variation (CV).
- Employed generalized additive models to analyze associations, adjusting for age, BMI, and physical activity.
Main Results:
- Increased mealtime irregularity correlated with higher nutrient intake variability (CV).
- A marginal interaction (p=0.062) was found between mealtime regularity and dinner timing.
- The irregular mealtime group showed declining diet quality with later dinners (p=0.0112).
Conclusions:
- Mealtime regularity is a significant factor influencing nutrient intake variability and diet quality.
- Meal timing's impact on diet quality is modulated by mealtime regularity.
- Mealtime regularity is a crucial health-related behavior within chrononutrition.
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