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Velocity and Angle Tracking of Fast Targets Using a Bandwidth-Coded Hybrid Chirp FMCW Radar.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel hybrid frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar waveform for enhanced velocity estimation. The new method accurately tracks high-speed targets using fewer chirps and improved robustness.

Keywords:
FMCW radarhigh-velocity target trackingmonopulse angle estimationunscented Kalman filtervelocity estimation

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Area of Science:

  • Radar Systems Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Target Tracking

Background:

  • Conventional frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars face limitations in high-speed target velocity estimation due to 2D-FFT processing requirements.
  • Existing methods struggle with maximum unambiguous velocity constraints and require numerous chirps, limiting their use for fast-moving objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a hybrid FMCW chirp waveform for improved range and velocity estimation, specifically addressing limitations for high-speed targets.
  • To enable efficient separation of range and Doppler components with minimal chirps and low computational complexity.
  • To enhance target tracking robustness using advanced Kalman filtering techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid FMCW chirp waveform with bandwidth variation between consecutive chirps was developed.
  • Range and Doppler frequency components were separated using only two chirps.
  • Spatial angle estimation was performed using an amplitude-comparison monopulse antenna.
  • Extended and unscented Kalman filters were integrated for target tracking.

Main Results:

  • The proposed waveform accurately estimates velocity for very high-speed targets.
  • Single-snapshot angle measurement with low computational load was achieved.
  • The unscented Kalman filter demonstrated superior convergence and robustness compared to the extended Kalman filter, especially under challenging conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hybrid FMCW radar framework offers an efficient solution for tracking single, fast-moving targets in short to medium ranges.
  • The integration of advanced filtering techniques enhances measurement robustness and tracking performance.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of conventional FMCW radar systems for high-speed applications.