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Design and Optimization of a Twisted Photodiode Pixel Structure for All-Directional Phase-Detection Autofocus CMOS

Daiki Shirahige1,2, Koichi Fukuda2,3, Hajime Ikeda1

  • 1Device Technology Development Headquarters, Canon Inc., Kawasaki 212-8602, Japan.

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Summary

We developed a novel CMOS image sensor using a Twisted Photodiode (PD) structure for all-directional, high-speed, and accurate autofocus (AF). This innovation enables robust AF detection across all pixels and directions, regardless of subject orientation.

Keywords:
CMOS image sensorall-directional AFcharge transferphase detection autofocustwisted photodiode

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Area of Science:

  • * Optoelectronics and Semiconductor Devices
  • * Image Sensor Technology

Background:

  • * Current autofocus (AF) systems face limitations in achieving all-directional and high-accuracy performance.
  • * Traditional image sensors struggle with consistent angular response across different directions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To introduce a novel Twisted Photodiode (PD) structure for CMOS image sensors.
  • * To enable all-directional, high-speed, and high-accuracy autofocus (AF) functionality.
  • * To analyze the charge transfer behavior within the proposed 3D sensor configuration.

Main Methods:

  • * Development of a 3D-stacked back-side illuminated (BSI) CMOS image sensor.
  • * Implementation of a unique Twisted Photodiode (PD) structure within each pixel.
  • * Analysis of charge transfer dynamics in the novel 3D architecture.

Main Results:

  • * The Twisted PD structure achieves equivalent angular response in both horizontal and vertical directions.
  • * This enables AF detection for all pixels and all directions, enhancing robustness to subject direction.
  • * The 3D sensor configuration facilitates efficient charge transfer.

Conclusions:

  • * The proposed Twisted PD structure is a viable solution for achieving all-directional AF.
  • * This advancement in CMOS image sensor technology leads to improved autofocus performance.
  • * The study provides insights into the charge transfer characteristics of the novel 3D sensor design.