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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

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Frequency Locking Method for Frequency Standards Based on Diamond NV Centers.

Shiyu Guan^1,2, Bingfeng Sun^1,2, Qiyuan Jiang^1,2

¹College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new frequency locking method using the central peak of diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers for stable microwave frequency standards. This technique improves magnetic field resistance and frequency stability compared to conventional methods.

Keywords:

Allan deviation ODMR diamond NV center frequency locking quantum frequency standard

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Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Metrology

Background:

High-stability microwave frequency standards are crucial for modern technologies.
Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers offer promising platforms for quantum frequency standards.
Conventional frequency locking methods using Zeeman side peaks are sensitive to magnetic field fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate a robust frequency locking technology for diamond NV-center-based microwave frequency standards.
To enhance frequency stability and reduce susceptibility to magnetic field variations.
To develop a pathway for miniaturized, interference-resistant solid-state quantum frequency standards.

Main Methods:

Proposed a novel frequency locking method utilizing the central peak of the Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) spectrum.
Optimized the bias magnetic field to leverage the central peak's insensitivity to magnetic fields and narrow linewidth.
Implemented closed-loop locking of a 2.87 GHz microwave frequency.

Main Results:

Achieved short-term frequency stability (Allan deviation) of 1.73 × 10^-7 at 200 s.
Demonstrated significantly suppressed frequency drift compared to side-peak locking methods under gradient magnetic fields.
Enhanced the quality factor of the frequency discrimination curve.

Conclusions:

The proposed central-peak frequency locking method offers superior robustness against magnetic field fluctuations.
This technique is vital for developing next-generation, high-performance solid-state quantum frequency standards.
The findings pave the way for practical applications requiring miniaturized and interference-resistant frequency standards.