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Multiple Evolutionary Events in Host Plant Adaptation in Lepidoptera.

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Two UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes in fall armyworm enable tolerance to maize benzoxazinoids (BXs). These genes evolved independently, highlighting diverse evolutionary paths in insect-plant adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Insect-plant coevolution involves complex adaptations driven by multiple evolutionary events.
  • Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are key maize secondary metabolites influencing insect herbivore adaptation.
  • Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) exhibits varying tolerance to plant defenses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes in Spodoptera frugiperda responsible for benzoxazinoid (BX) tolerance.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and functional divergence of these UGT genes.
  • To understand the role of UGT evolution in insect host plant adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Gene identification and sequencing in Spodoptera frugiperda.
  • Enzymatic assays to determine glycosylation patterns and detoxification efficiencies of BXs.
  • Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of UGT gene families.

Main Results:

  • Two UGT genes, SfruUGT33T10 and SfruUGT33F32, were identified as crucial for BX tolerance in Spodoptera frugiperda.
  • These UGTs displayed distinct substrate specificities and detoxification efficiencies for BXs.
  • Evolutionary analyses indicated independent origins for SfruUGT33T10 and neofunctionalization for SfruUGT33F32 within Spodoptera.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of SfruUGT33T10 and SfruUGT33F32 paralogs contributes to variations in maize BX tolerance among lepidopteran species.
  • Multiple independent evolutionary routes drive insect host plant adaptation.
  • This study provides insights into the genetic basis of insect-plant interactions and coevolution.