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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
109
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Harnessing Thermodynamically Driven Restructuring for Ultra-Stable Catalysts.

Yanshuang Zhang1, Hua Deng2, Xiongyi Liang3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed ultra-stable heterogeneous catalysts by engineering interfaces that activate ammonia (NH3) for NOx reduction. This novel approach overcomes high-temperature deactivation, maintaining performance even after extreme aging.

Keywords:
homologous‐heterovalent interfacerestructuringsingle oxygen atom vacanciesstrainultra‐stable catalysts

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Heterogeneous catalysts often deactivate at high temperatures due to phase restructuring.
  • This deactivation limits catalyst lifespan and efficiency in demanding applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To transform catalyst deactivation into a design principle for enhanced stability.
  • To develop ultra-stable catalysts by creating specific interfaces.
  • To overcome the activity-stability trade-off in heterogeneous catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Constructing homologous-heterovalent interfaces (e.g., Ce4+/Ce3+) by integrating two solid phases.
  • Utilizing high-temperature restructuring of cerium-based oxides.
  • Characterizing catalyst performance in NOx reduction by ammonia (NH3) and CO oxidation.

Main Results:

  • Engineered interfaces promoted single oxygen-atom vacancies (SOVs), activating the N-H bond in NH3.
  • Cerium-tantalum oxide catalysts showed high activity and stability for NOx reduction after aging at 1,100°C.
  • Lanthanum-nickel oxide catalysts with Ni3+/Ni2+ interfaces demonstrated sustained CO oxidation activity up to 1,100°C.

Conclusions:

  • A general design concept for ultra-stable heterogeneous catalysts based on engineered interfaces was established.
  • The approach leverages high-temperature restructuring to create active sites and enhance stability.
  • This strategy offers a pathway to overcome the persistent activity-stability limitations in catalysis.