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Heterotypic CoNi Nanostructure Anchored on Porous Carbon Fibers for High-Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Xi-Ya Shan1, Xing-Hai Zhou1, Wen-Qi Cui1
1School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 116034 Liaoning China.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 30, 2026
Summary
High-performance microwave absorbers were created using porous carbon fibers with CoNi nanostructures. This design offers broadband absorption, strong attenuation, and lightweight properties for advanced applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Electromagnetics
Background:
- Developing high-performance microwave absorbers requires optimizing impedance matching through microstructure design and multicomponent integration.
- Current research aims for broadband absorption, strong attenuation, thin thickness, and lightweight properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To engineer porous carbon fibers loaded with heterotypic CoNi nanostructures for enhanced microwave absorption.
- To investigate the synergistic effects of microstructure design and multicomponent integration on microwave absorption properties.
Main Methods:
- Integrated electro-blowing spinning, hydrothermal treatment, and calcination were used to prepare the CoNi/PCF-UN composites.
- Characterization of heterotypic CoNi nanostructures and 3D porous carbon fiber frameworks.
- Evaluation of electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
Main Results:
- The engineered heterotypic CoNi nanostructures optimized impedance matching and enhanced interfacial polarization.
- The 3D porous carbon fiber frameworks improved conduction loss and provided growth sites.
- The optimized cactus-like CoNi/PCF-UN architecture achieved a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -40.32 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.25 GHz at 2 mm thickness.
Conclusions:
- The developed CoNi/PCF-UN composites exhibit excellent microwave absorption performance due to synergistic magnetic/dielectric losses and improved impedance matching.
- This work demonstrates the potential of multicomponent integration and microstructure design engineering for creating advanced microwave absorbers.
