Harnessing myostatin pleiotropy for multitrait improvement via precision gene editing

Area of Science:

• Animal Genetics and Breeding
• Molecular Biology
• Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

• Global protein demand necessitates sustainable livestock farming.
• Myostatin (MSTN) gene editing is a key technology for enhancing livestock productivity.
• Previous research has focused on the double-muscle phenotype, neglecting broader impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively evaluate the pleiotropic effects of MSTN gene editing beyond productivity.
• To analyze the cascading biological effects of MSTN editing on animal metabolism, reproduction, health, and welfare.
• To critically discuss limitations, ethical issues, and propose future sustainable breeding strategies.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of MSTN gene editing effects across various livestock species (cattle, swine, sheep, poultry, aquatic).
• In-depth analysis of impacts on growth, carcass, and meat quality.
• Evaluation of effects on metabolic homeostasis, reproductive performance, and animal welfare.

Main Results:

• MSTN editing significantly impacts multiple traits, often with a multiplicative effect.
• Associated health challenges and welfare concerns are frequently observed.
• Effects are species-specific, highlighting the systemic nature of MSTN editing.

Conclusions:

• MSTN gene editing presents a spectrum of trade-offs between productivity and animal health/welfare.
• Responsible application necessitates multitrait balancing strategies for sustainable animal agriculture.
• Future breeding programs should focus on balanced regulation for both productivity and sustainability.