Time and architecture: the next two dimensions of microphysiological systems

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Vascular Biology
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Microphysiological systems (MPS) are advanced in vitro models that mimic human physiology.
• Complex vasculature in MPS allows for studying cellular interactions and mechanical forces.
• Current MPS often lack sufficient consideration of temporal and architectural aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the under-explored roles of time and architecture in physiological mimetic vascular models.
• To highlight the importance of longevity and structural design in vascular modeling.
• To propose improvements for advanced vascular modeling platforms.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review focusing on time and architecture in vascular models.
• Analysis of existing microphysiological systems and their limitations.
• Synthesis of findings to propose future directions.

Main Results:

• Time (longevity) and architecture are critical but under-explored parameters in vascular modeling.
• Current models often fail to capture long-term physiological dynamics.
• Architectural complexity significantly influences model performance and relevance.

Conclusions:

• Integrating longevity and sophisticated architecture will enhance the physiological relevance of vascular models.
• Improved vascular models can support chronic disease modeling and personalized medicine.
• These advancements will provide better platforms for drug testing and tissue engineering applications.