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Complete Healing After Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy For a Refractory Complex Anal Fistula
N Cigdem Arslan1, Ilknur Erenler2, Erdal Karaoz3,4
1General Surgery, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, TUR.
Cureus
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived exosomes show promise for treating complex anal fistulas. This case study demonstrates successful healing and restored continence using exosomes alongside surgical preparation in a refractory case.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Regenerative Medicine
- Surgical Innovation
Background:
- Complex anal fistulas present a significant clinical challenge with high recurrence rates and potential for continence impairment.
- Existing sphincter-sparing surgical techniques offer variable outcomes in refractory cases.
- Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies show therapeutic potential but face logistical hurdles, driving interest in acellular exosome-based treatments.
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