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PFAS from a Discrete-Event Terrestrial Source Migrates with Groundwater to Intertidal Seepages.
Martin A Briggs1, Eric A White1, Patrick T Scordato2
1U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Observing Systems Division, Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch, Storrs, CT.
Ground Water
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Groundwater PFAS contamination from single spills can reach coastal waters. Tidal pumping causes variable salinity, impacting contaminant transport in intertidal zones.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Hydrogeology
- Marine Science
Background:
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants.
- Limited research exists on PFAS transport from single dispersal events to marine environments.
- Aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) are a significant source of PFAS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess PFAS mobility in groundwater to coastal intertidal seepages.
- To investigate the impact of single PFAS dispersal events on marine ecosystems.
- To understand PFAS fate and transport dynamics in areas with variable salinity.
Main Methods:
- Groundwater-flow and particle-track modeling
- Geophysical field characterization
- Chemical sampling of groundwater and seepages
Main Results:
- Substantial PFAS concentrations (up to 530.5 ng/L), primarily PFOS, were detected in groundwater discharging to a recreational embayment.
- Groundwater trajectory modeling predicted contaminant pathways to the shoreline.
- Highest PFAS concentrations were found in intertidal zone discharges, with variable salinity.
Conclusions:
- Single AFFF dispersal events can lead to significant groundwater PFAS contamination in coastal areas.
- Tidal pumping influences salinity and PFAS transport dynamics at intertidal seepage interfaces.
- Existing conceptual models for PFAS fate and transport may need revision to account for variable salinity.
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