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Durian seed adsorbents for methyl violet and malachite green adsorption: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics.
Tahsin Farabi Rahaman1,2, Fadina Amran1, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini1,2
1Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
International Journal of Phytoremediation
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Chemically activated durian seed adsorbents effectively remove cationic dyes like malachite green and methyl violet. The AC-NaOH method yielded the highest adsorption capacities, indicating its potential for wastewater treatment.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Cationic dyes pose environmental risks in wastewater.
- Developing cost-effective adsorbents from agricultural waste is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate durian seed-derived adsorbents for cationic dye removal.
- To investigate the impact of synthesis methods on adsorbent properties and performance.
Main Methods:
- Durian seeds were processed into adsorbents using various methods (e.g., AC-NaOH, hydrochar).
- Adsorbents were characterized for surface area, porosity, and morphology.
- Adsorption experiments were conducted varying dye concentration, contact time, and temperature.
Main Results:
- AC-NaOH exhibited a high surface area (137 m²/g) and mesoporosity (96.3%).
- AC-NaOH achieved adsorption capacities of 1.27 mmol/g for malachite green and 0.703 mmol/g for methyl violet.
- Adsorption followed Langmuir equilibrium and pseudo-second-order kinetics, being endothermic and spontaneous at higher temperatures.
Conclusions:
- Chemically activated durian seed adsorbents are effective for removing malachite green and methyl violet.
- The AC-NaOH method is superior for producing high-capacity adsorbents from durian seeds.
- Durian seed-based adsorbents show promise for sustainable wastewater treatment.
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