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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Standardized Pig to Macaque Heterotopic Heart Xenotransplantation Model

A Standardized Pig to Macaque Heterotopic Heart Xenotransplantation Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Xenotransplantation Literature Update: July-December 2025.

Kasra Shirini¹, Joseph M Ladowski², Niket Harsh¹

¹Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Xenotransplantation

|March 30, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Xenotransplantation is moving towards clinical trials, with genetically engineered pig organs showing promise in human recipients. Advances in immunology, engineering, and safety are paving the way for human trials.

Keywords:

clinical trials genetic modifications immunosuppression kidney xenotransplantation liver xenotransplantation pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation

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Cuff-Free Suture-Based Cervical Model for Secondary Heterotopic Heart Transplantation to Evaluate Donor-Specific Immune Tolerance in Mice

Published on: March 13, 2026

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Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

A Standardized Pig to Macaque Heterotopic Heart Xenotransplantation Model

A Standardized Pig to Macaque Heterotopic Heart Xenotransplantation Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Quantification of Circulating Pig-Specific DNA in the Blood of a Xenotransplantation Model

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Published on: September 22, 2020

Cuff-Free Suture-Based Cervical Model for Secondary Heterotopic Heart Transplantation to Evaluate Donor-Specific Immune Tolerance in Mice

Cuff-Free Suture-Based Cervical Model for Secondary Heterotopic Heart Transplantation to Evaluate Donor-Specific Immune Tolerance in Mice

Published on: March 13, 2026

Area of Science:

Transplantation immunology
Bioengineering
Medical ethics

Background:

Xenotransplantation has progressed from experimental stages to early clinical translation.
Genetically engineered porcine organs (kidneys, livers) have been used in human recipients.
Understanding organ compatibility and immune responses is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize key advancements in xenotransplantation in late 2025.
To highlight the transition towards clinical application.
To outline the scientific and regulatory groundwork for human trials.

Main Methods:

Analysis of prolonged physiologic support from porcine organs in humans.
Molecular profiling to understand immune injury.
Review of preclinical non-human primate studies.
Assessment of donor-pig engineering and immunomodulation strategies.

Main Results:

Provided insights into organ compatibility and rejection dynamics.
Refined understanding of innate and humoral immune injury.
Demonstrated strengthened translational readiness through engineering and safety frameworks.
Informed clinical trial design regarding proteinuria, complement incompatibility, and xenoantigens.

Conclusions:

Xenotransplantation is rapidly maturing, moving towards clinical reality.
Scientific and regulatory foundations are established for human trials.
Ethical considerations and public trust are increasingly important for implementation.