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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Augmented Reality

    Background:

    • Projection mapping (PM) offers immersive augmented reality (AR) without head-mounted displays, enabling multi-user interaction in tabletop environments.
    • Conventional PM systems face challenges with projection shadows due to occlusion and latency from computational compensation in multi-projector setups.
    • Existing solutions for occlusion often introduce delays, negatively impacting the user experience in interactive AR applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel projection mapping system that achieves delay-free, shadowless projection for tabletop augmented reality.
    • To address and mitigate spatial resolution degradation caused by subpixel misalignment in dense projector arrays.
    • To investigate and minimize the perceptual
    • sense of projection
    • (SoP) to create more seamless AR experiences.

    Main Methods:

    • Introduced a synthetic-aperture projection mapping system utilizing a large, densely arranged array of projectors.
    • Developed and validated an offline blur compensation method to counteract subpixel misalignment, with computation time independent of projector count.
    • Conducted user studies to define the sense of projection and establish a framework for its minimization.

    Main Results:

    • The synthetic-aperture system successfully achieved delay-free and shadowless projection in tabletop workspaces.
    • The offline blur compensation method effectively addressed spatial resolution degradation without increasing computational load.
    • Demonstrated that shadowless projection is crucial for minimizing the sense of projection, enhancing the realism of augmented reality.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed synthetic-aperture projection mapping system provides a robust solution for shadowless and delay-free AR experiences.
    • Minimizing the sense of projection through optimized PM design is key to achieving truly immersive and unobtrusive augmented reality.
    • This research advances projection mapping technology for applications requiring seamless integration of virtual content with physical objects.