Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

4.0K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
4.0K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

7.3K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
7.3K
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

140
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
140

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metal(loid)s Contamination in the Soil-Rice System: Health Risk Assessment Based on Source Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026
Same author

Integrated Pharmacophore, Docking, Machine Learning, and Molecular Dynamics Approach for the Discovery and Validation of LuxS Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors to Combat Antibiotic Resistance.

ChemPlusChem·2026
Same author

Exploring anticancer drug structures through vertex based resolving parameters.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

N-Nitrosodimethylamine as an Emerging Environmental Contaminant: Sources, Analytical Advances, and Ecotoxicological and Human Health Risks.

International journal of analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Design and stability analysis of a multi-delay tumor-immune model with adaptive nonlinear feedback control.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same author

Heavy metals profiling of road dust from metro stations: spatial distribution, source apportionment, and Monte Carlo simulation-based probabilistic human health assessment.

Environmental geochemistry and health·2026
Same journal

Inhalation of Environmental Polystyrene Micro/Nanoplastics Induces Pulmonary Toxicity and Synergistically Exacerbates Acute Lung Injury in Male Mice.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026
Same journal

Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Chronic Diethylpropion Exposure During Development in Caenorhabditis elegans: An In Vivo and in Silico Toxicity Approach.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026
Same journal

Biological Effects of Selenium-Containing Ionic Liquids: Cytotoxicity, Mercury Interaction, and Antiproliferative Activity in Glioblastoma Cells.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026
Same journal

Piperonyl Butoxide Impairs Porcine Oocyte In Vitro Maturation by Suppressing the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway and Dysregulating Mitophagy.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026
Same journal

Developmental and Behavioral Effects of Arsenobetaine in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026
Same journal

Toxicokinetics and Toxicological Implications of Eco- and Bio-Corona Formation on Micro- and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Systems.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

3.1K

Human Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Household Dust: Spatial Distribution, Contamination Status, Positive

Mahmood Ahmed1, Faryal Chaudhry2, Anum Khaleeq2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|March 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indoor dust in Lahore, Pakistan, contains high levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), with zinc and manganese being most abundant. While overall non-carcinogenic risks are low, specific carcinogenic risks from chromium and nickel necessitate improved indoor air quality management, especially for children.

Keywords:
Monte Carlo simulationPTEscontaminationdusthuman healthtoxicity

More Related Videos

Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System
08:48

Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System

Published on: December 21, 2016

9.3K
An Air-liquid Interface Bronchial Epithelial Model for Realistic, Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles for Toxicity Testing
09:29

An Air-liquid Interface Bronchial Epithelial Model for Realistic, Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles for Toxicity Testing

Published on: May 13, 2020

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

3.1K
Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System
08:48

Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System

Published on: December 21, 2016

9.3K
An Air-liquid Interface Bronchial Epithelial Model for Realistic, Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles for Toxicity Testing
09:29

An Air-liquid Interface Bronchial Epithelial Model for Realistic, Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles for Toxicity Testing

Published on: May 13, 2020

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Indoor dust pollution poses significant environmental and human health risks due to potentially toxic elements (PTEs).
  • Understanding the concentration and sources of PTEs in household dust is crucial for assessing health impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the concentrations of PTEs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in household dust from Lahore, Pakistan.
  • To identify sources of PTEs using positive matrix factorization (PMF).
  • To estimate human health risks using Monte Carlo simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure PTE concentrations.
  • Household dust samples were collected from 30 residential sites.
  • Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Monte Carlo simulation were employed for source apportionment and risk assessment.

Main Results:

  • Zinc (528.74 ± 180.75 µg/g) and Manganese (250.60 ± 17.18 µg/g) were the most abundant PTEs.
  • Contamination factor and geo-accumulation index indicated severe contamination, particularly from Cadmium (Cd).
  • Hazard index (HI) values were below 1, suggesting no non-carcinogenic risk, but carcinogenic risk (CR) for Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) was noted, especially for children.

Conclusions:

  • Household dust in Lahore exhibits significant PTE contamination, with Cd being of highest concern.
  • While non-carcinogenic risks are low, carcinogenic risks from Cr and Ni warrant attention, particularly for children.
  • Implementing improved indoor air quality management practices and specific policies for children's exposure control is urgently needed.