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Related Concept Videos

Sources of Food Contamination01:29

Sources of Food Contamination

Contamination of food by microbial agents and natural toxins poses significant risks to public health. These hazards can be introduced at various points across the food supply chain, ranging from environmental sources to processing and storage stages. Understanding these contamination pathways is critical for developing strategies to ensure food safety.Seafood is particularly vulnerable to contamination through both environmental exposure and microbial colonization. Toxins from harmful algal...
Microbial Leaching01:27

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Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging
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Published on: February 15, 2021

Metal(loid)s Contamination in the Soil-Rice System: Health Risk Assessment Based on Source Analysis and Monte Carlo

Mahmood Ahmed1, Muhammad Adnan Asghar1, Muhammad Bilal1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal(loid)s contamination in Pakistan

Keywords:
human healthmetal(loid)sricerisksoiltoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Metal(loid)s contamination in rice poses risks to food safety and health.
  • Agro-industrial regions face elevated contamination from industrial discharge and agricultural inputs.
  • Limited data exists on source apportionment and health risks in Pakistan's soil-rice systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess metal(loid)s concentrations, distribution, and pollution in Punjab's soil-rice system.
  • Identify contamination sources using advanced analytical techniques.
  • Evaluate human health risks associated with metal(loid)s exposure in rice consumers.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 60 paired soil-rice samples using ICP-OES.
  • Employed pollution indices, PMF, PCA, HCA, and GIS mapping.
  • Conducted probabilistic health risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 iterations).

Main Results:

  • Elevated copper contamination found, with high ecological risk and pollution load index.
  • Identified three main sources: industrial emissions, agricultural inputs, and mixed geogenic-anthropogenic factors.
  • Despite hotspots, health risk indices (THQ, HI, CR, CCR) remained within safe limits for adults and children.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a baseline for environmental management in Pakistan's rice-growing regions.
  • Findings support sustainable practices to mitigate long-term metal(loid)s exposure.
  • Source-oriented management is crucial for food safety and human health in agro-industrial areas.