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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Temporal Flux Organization as a Principle for Network-Controlled Self-Assembly.

Shuichi Hiraoka1

  • 1Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|March 31, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Network-controlled self-assembly uses temporal flux organization in reversible reactions to achieve selective, high-yield product formation. This approach enables predictable control over complex molecular architectures without irreversible steps.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional self-assembly is classified as thermodynamically or kinetically controlled.
  • Dynamic systems with reversible reactions pose challenges for predictable self-assembly outcomes.
  • Understanding how to achieve high yields and selectivity in reversible systems is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce network-controlled self-assembly as a framework for understanding reversible systems.
  • Demonstrate how temporal organization of reaction flux enables selective pathway selection.
  • Showcase catalytic modulation for yield amplification in metal-organic cage formation.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative Analysis of Self-Assembly Process (QASAP) to analyze experimental time-series data.
  • Numerical Analysis of Self-Assembly Process (NASAP) for reaction network modeling and flux analysis.
  • Case studies involving metal-organic cage (MOC) formation (M6L4 truncated tetrahedron and square-based pyramid).

Main Results:

  • Temporal flux organization generates quasi-irreversible behavior in fully reversible networks.
  • Pathway competition in MOC formation showed dominant pathway selection over time.
  • Catalytic modulation amplified product yield by reorganizing temporal flux and suppressing intermediates.

Conclusions:

  • Network-controlled self-assembly provides a new paradigm for designing self-assembled systems.
  • Temporal flux organization is a unifying principle linking microscopic kinetics to macroscopic outcomes.
  • This framework enables rational control of pathways and yields in dynamic reaction networks.