Relationship of Anti-thyroid Peroxidase Antibody with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Euthyroid Women

Recurrent pregnancy loss is a common issue in Obstetrics&Gynaecology practice. Thyroid autoimmunity has been associated with pregnancy loss. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) is the most common antithyroid autoantibodies observed in women with recurrent pregnancy loss history. Although the precise mechanisms of the TPO-Ab's role in recurrent pregnancy loss are not fully understood. The study was aimed to assess the relationship of Anti-TPO antibody with recurrent pregnancy loss. This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, during the period from March 2023 to August 2024. A total of 100 euthyroid women with or without history of recurrent pregnancy loss were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups, 50 patients with history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) group and 50 patients without history of recurrent pregnancy loss group as (Non RPL). The serum Anti-TPO antibody level was compared between RPL group and non-RPL group. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v.23.0 was used for statistical analysis. In this study, maximum patients belonged to age group 21-30 years in both groups, the mean age was found 28.9±5.8 years in RPL group and 27.5±4.9 years in non-RPL group. There were no significant differences regarding age, occupational status, educational status, monthly income and BMI between two groups. In RPL group, majority 41(82.0%) had no children and in non-RPL group all patients had one or more children, that was significant between two groups (p<0.05). Positive anti-TPO antibody (≥100 u/ml) was significantly higher in RPL group than non-RPL group (68.0% vs. 8.0%), odds ratio of 24.43 with 95% CI (7.49-79.68). Thus, it can be concluded that positive anti-TPO antibody was significantly higher in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss than without history of pregnancy loss. Screening of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody is may be considered in recurrent pregnancy loss cases.